First thing to know about deforestation is the factors that contribute to it. A case study by Francisco and De Los Angeles (1998) showed the dynamics in Philippine deforestation. The figure below summarizes the factors affecting deforestation in the Philippines.
Source: Soil Resource Depreciation and Deforestation (Francisco & De Los Angeles, 1998) Figure 2‑1: Factors Affecting Deforestation
The proponents of the study will be prioritizing the logging values as encircled in Figure 2-1. Logging issues could include lumber that is being consumed or produced by plantations. According to Coxhead and Jayasuriya (2002), that natural forest cover fall from 70 percent of total land to 50 percent between 1900 and 1950, while at the late 1980 the forest cover was down to 25 percent, and at the late 1990 the forest cover was down to 19 percent with an annual rate of deforestation amounting to 2.9% per year. According to mongabay.com, the country has 29,817,000 hectares of land which 7,162,000 hectares is the forest area. In 1990 the forest area was 10,574,000 hectares, in 2000 the forest area was 7,949,000 hectares, and down to 7,162,000 hectares in 2005. Annual change was said to be -2.48 percent (1990-2000) and -1.98% (2000-2005). Average logs being cut down due to logging is 842,500 logs per year (www.nscb.com) which is equivalent to approximately 526.56 hectares (www.fao.org).
For the input in the level of forest area, the proponents searched for government projects with regards to tree planting. The projects amount to 589,650.8 hectares in a span of ten years, an average of 58,965.08 hectares per year as means of reforestation. Next is the growth rate which pertains to maturity of the tree; considering a medium rate of growth, the tree will grow 13 inches to 24 inches in a year (Dirr, 2002). The height of a tree ranges from 10 feet to 50 feet (www.ext.nodak.edu). This causes a delay since before a tree grows in to full length it requires an average of 19.46 years. The proponents will be adapting the stock flow given by the study of Albin (1998), the stock flow is shown below. The encircled rate will be used in this study and as a form of delay to the reforestation process.
With these literatures gathered assumptions will be made for the model development. Assumptions
7,162,000 hectares in 2005, this will be for the initial value of land occupied by forests in the Philippines
526.56 hectares per year is lost due to logging from plantations
58,965.08 hectares per year will be planted due to government projects
Chapter 2 : Review of Related Literature
First thing to know about deforestation is the factors that contribute to it. A case study by Francisco and De Los Angeles (1998) showed the dynamics in Philippine deforestation. The figure below summarizes the factors affecting deforestation in the Philippines.
Figure 2‑1: Factors Affecting Deforestation
The proponents of the study will be prioritizing the logging values as encircled in Figure 2-1. Logging issues could include lumber that is being consumed or produced by plantations. According to Coxhead and Jayasuriya (2002), that natural forest cover fall from 70 percent of total land to 50 percent between 1900 and 1950, while at the late 1980 the forest cover was down to 25 percent, and at the late 1990 the forest cover was down to 19 percent with an annual rate of deforestation amounting to 2.9% per year. According to mongabay.com, the country has 29,817,000 hectares of land which 7,162,000 hectares is the forest area. In 1990 the forest area was 10,574,000 hectares, in 2000 the forest area was 7,949,000 hectares, and down to 7,162,000 hectares in 2005. Annual change was said to be -2.48 percent (1990-2000) and -1.98% (2000-2005). Average logs being cut down due to logging is 842,500 logs per year (www.nscb.com) which is equivalent to approximately 526.56 hectares (www.fao.org).
For the input in the level of forest area, the proponents searched for government projects with regards to tree planting. The projects amount to 589,650.8 hectares in a span of ten years, an average of 58,965.08 hectares per year as means of reforestation. Next is the growth rate which pertains to maturity of the tree; considering a medium rate of growth, the tree will grow 13 inches to 24 inches in a year (Dirr, 2002). The height of a tree ranges from 10 feet to 50 feet (www.ext.nodak.edu). This causes a delay since before a tree grows in to full length it requires an average of 19.46 years. The proponents will be adapting the stock flow given by the study of Albin (1998), the stock flow is shown below. The encircled rate will be used in this study and as a form of delay to the reforestation process.
With these literatures gathered assumptions will be made for the model development.
Assumptions